The Hungarian stemming algorithm

Links to resources

Snowball main page

The stemmer in Snowball

The ANSI C stemmer

— and its header

Sample Hungarian vocabulary

Its stemmed equivalent

Vocabulary + stemmed equivalent

Tar-gzipped file of all of the above

A stop word list

The isla, Amsterdam page for the Hungarian stemmer

word

stem

word

stem

babaháznak babakocsi babakocsijáért babakocsit babakocsiért babból bab babgulyás babgulyást babona babonákkal babonás babrálgatta babrálni babrál babrált babrálva babusgatnak baba babái babák babákkal babázni babérfa babérokat babért bacchánsnõk badacsonyi badarság badarságok baedeker baglyokat bagolyszemüveges bagót bajbajutott bajbajutottak bajbajutottakat bajbajutottakon bajlódjanak bajlódni

=>

babaház babakocs babakocs babakocs babakocs bab bab babgulyás babgulyás babon babona babonás babrálgatt babráln babrál babrál babrálv babusgat ba baba baba baba babázn babérf babér bab bacchánsnõ badacsony badarság badarság baedeker bagly bagolyszemüveges bagó bajbajutot bajbajutott bajbajutott bajbajutott bajlód bajlódn

muattta mukkot mulandóság mulandóságot mulasszátok mulasztanak mulasztotta mulasztottam mulasztották mulaszt mulaszthatom mulasztás mulasztásban mulasztásból mulasztásnál mulasztással mulasztásának mulasztásánál mulasztásáért mulasztási mulasztásos mulasztó mulathatnánk mulathattunk mulatna mulat mulatnak mulatni mulattak mulattat mulattatta mulatott mulatozott mulatozáshoz mulatozást mulatság mulatságnak mulatságot mulatságos mulatt

=>

muattt muk mulandóság mulandóság mulasszát mulaszt mulasztott mulasztott mulasztotta mulasz mulaszthat mulasztás mulasztás mulasztás mulasztás mulasztás mulasztás mulasztás mulasztás mulasztás mulasztásos mulasztó mulathatna mulathatt mulatn mul mulat mulatn mulatt mulatt mulattatt mulatot mulatozot mulatozás mulatozás mulatság mulatság mulatság mulatságos mulat

á   é   í   ó   ö   õ   ú   ü   û

a   á   e   é   i   í   o   ó   ö   õ   u   ú   ü   û

cs   dz   dzs   gy   ly   ny   ty   zs

bb   cc   ccs   dd   ff   gg   ggy   jj   kk   ll   lly   mm   nn   nny   pp   rr   ss   ssz   tt   tty   vv   zz   zzs

    t ó b a n           consonant-vowel
       |.....|          R1 is 'a b a n'

    a b l a k a n       vowel-consonant
       |.........|      R1 is 'l a k a n'

    a c s o n y         vowel-digraph
         |.....|        R1 is 'o n y'

    c v s
     --->|<---          null R1 region

Search for one of the following suffixes and perform the action indicated.

al   el

delete if in R1 and preceded by a double consonant, and remove one of the double consonants. (In the case of consonant plus digraph, such as ccs, remove a c).

Search for the longest among the following suffixes and perform the action indicated.

ban   ben   ba   be   ra   re   nak   nek   val   vel   tól   tõl   ról   rõl   ból   bõl   hoz   hez   höz   nál   nél   ig   at   et   ot   öt   ért   képp   képpen   kor   ul   ül   vá   vé   onként   enként   anként   ként   en   on   an   ön   n   t

delete if in R1

if the remaining word ends á replace by a

if the remaining word ends é replace by e

Search for the longest among the following suffixes and perform the action indicated.

án   ánként

replace by a if in R1

én

replace by e if in R1

Search for the longest among the following suffixes and perform the action indicated

astul   estül   stul   stül

delete if in R1

ástul

replace with a if in R1

éstül

replace with e if in R1

Search for one of the following suffixes and perform the action indicated.

á   é

delete if in R1 and preceded by a double consonant, and remove one of the double consonants (as in step 1).

Search for the longest among the following suffixes and perform the action indicated.

oké   öké   aké   eké   ké   éi   é

delete if in R1

áké   áéi

replace with a if in R1

éké   ééi   éé

replace with e if in R1

Search for the longest among the following suffixes and perform the action indicated.

ünk   unk   nk   juk   jük   uk   ük   em   om   am   m   od   ed   ad   öd   d   ja   je   a   e o

delete if in R1

ánk ájuk ám ád á

replace with a if in R1

énk éjük ém éd é

replace with e if in R1

Search for the longest among the following suffixes and perform the action indicated.

jaim   jeim   aim   eim   im   jaid   jeid   aid   eid   id   jai   jei   ai   ei   i   jaink   jeink   eink   aink   ink   jaitok   jeitek   aitok   eitek   itek   jeik   jaik   aik   eik   ik

delete if in R1

áim   áid   ái   áink   áitok   áik

replace with a if in R1

éim   éid     éi   éink   éitek   éik

replace with e if in R1

Search for the longest among the following suffixes and perform the action indicated.

ák

replace with a if in R1

ék

replace with e if in R1

ök   ok   ek   ak   k

delete if in R1

The full algorithm in Snowball

/*
Hungarian Stemmer
Removes noun inflections
*/

routines (
    mark_regions
    R1
    v_ending
    case
    case_special
    case_other
    plural
    owned
    sing_owner
    plur_owner
    instrum
    factive
    undouble
    double
)

externals ( stem )

integers ( p1 )
groupings ( v )

stringescapes {}

/* special characters (in ISO Latin I) */

stringdef a'  hex 'E1'  //a-acute
stringdef e'  hex 'E9'  //e-acute
stringdef i'  hex 'ED'  //i-acute
stringdef o'  hex 'F3'  //o-acute
stringdef o"  hex 'F6'  //o-umlaut
stringdef oq  hex 'F5'  //o-double acute
stringdef u'  hex 'FA'  //u-acute
stringdef u"  hex 'FC'  //u-umlaut
stringdef uq  hex 'FB'  //u-double acute

define v 'aeiou{a'}{e'}{i'}{o'}{o"}{oq}{u'}{u"}{uq}'

define mark_regions as (

    $p1 = limit

    (v goto non-v
     among('cs' 'gy' 'ly' 'ny' 'sz' 'ty' 'zs' 'dzs') or next
     setmark p1)
    or

    (non-v gopast v setmark p1)
)

backwardmode (

    define R1 as $p1 <= cursor

    define v_ending as (
        [substring] R1 among(
            '{a'}' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}' (<- 'e')
        )
    )

    define double as (
        test among('bb' 'cc' 'ccs' 'dd' 'ff' 'gg' 'ggy' 'jj' 'kk' 'll' 'lly' 'mm'
        'nn' 'nny' 'pp' 'rr' 'ss' 'ssz' 'tt' 'tty' 'vv' 'zz' 'zzs')
    )

    define undouble as (
        next [hop 1] delete
    )

    define instrum as(
        [substring] R1 among(
            'al' (double)
            'el' (double)
        )
        delete
        undouble
    )


    define case as (
        [substring] R1 among(
            'ban' 'ben'
            'ba' 'be'
            'ra' 're'
            'nak' 'nek'
            'val' 'vel'
            't{o'}l' 't{oq}l'
            'r{o'}l' 'r{oq}l'
            'b{o'}l' 'b{oq}l'
            'hoz' 'hez' 'h{o"}z'
            'n{a'}l' 'n{e'}l'
            'ig'
            'at' 'et' 'ot' '{o"}t'
            '{e'}rt'
            'k{e'}pp' 'k{e'}ppen'
            'kor'
            'ul' '{u"}l'
            'v{a'}' 'v{e'}'
            'onk{e'}nt' 'enk{e'}nt' 'ank{e'}nt'
            'k{e'}nt'
            'en' 'on' 'an' '{o"}n'
            'n'
            't'
        )
        delete
        v_ending
    )

    define case_special as(
        [substring] R1 among(
            '{e'}n' (<- 'e')
            '{a'}n' (<- 'a')
            '{a'}nk{e'}nt' (<- 'a')
        )
    )

    define case_other as(
        [substring] R1 among(
            'astul' 'est{u"}l' (delete)
            'stul' 'st{u"}l' (delete)
            '{a'}stul' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}st{u"}l' (<- 'e')
        )
    )

    define factive as(
        [substring] R1 among(
            '{a'}' (double)
            '{e'}' (double)
        )
        delete
        undouble
    )

    define plural as (
        [substring] R1 among(
            '{a'}k' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}k' (<- 'e')
            '{o"}k' (delete)
            'ak' (delete)
            'ok' (delete)
            'ek' (delete)
            'k' (delete)
        )
    )

    define owned as (
        [substring] R1 among (
            'ok{e'}' '{o"}k{e'}' 'ak{e'}' 'ek{e'}' (delete)
            '{e'}k{e'}' (<- 'e')
            '{a'}k{e'}' (<- 'a')
            'k{e'}' (delete)
            '{e'}{e'}i' (<- 'e')
            '{a'}{e'}i' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}i'  (delete)
            '{e'}{e'}' (<- 'e')
            '{e'}' (delete)
        )
    )

    define sing_owner as (
        [substring] R1 among(
            '{u"}nk' 'unk' (delete)
            '{a'}nk' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}nk' (<- 'e')
            'nk' (delete)
            '{a'}juk' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}j{u"}k' (<- 'e')
            'juk' 'j{u"}k' (delete)
            'uk' '{u"}k' (delete)
            'em' 'om' 'am' (delete)
            '{a'}m' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}m' (<- 'e')
            'm' (delete)
            'od' 'ed' 'ad' '{o"}d' (delete)
            '{a'}d' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}d' (<- 'e')
            'd' (delete)
            'ja' 'je' (delete)
            'a' 'e' 'o' (delete)
            '{a'}' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}' (<- 'e')
        )
    )

    define plur_owner as (
        [substring] R1 among(
            'jaim' 'jeim' (delete)
            '{a'}im' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}im' (<- 'e')
            'aim' 'eim' (delete)
            'im' (delete)
            'jaid' 'jeid' (delete)
            '{a'}id' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}id' (<- 'e')
            'aid' 'eid' (delete)
            'id' (delete)
            'jai' 'jei' (delete)
            '{a'}i' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}i' (<- 'e')
            'ai' 'ei' (delete)
            'i' (delete)
            'jaink' 'jeink' (delete)
            'eink' 'aink' (delete)
            '{a'}ink' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}ink' (<- 'e')
            'ink'
            'jaitok' 'jeitek' (delete)
            'aitok' 'eitek' (delete)
            '{a'}itok' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}itek' (<- 'e')
            'itek' (delete)
            'jeik' 'jaik' (delete)
            'aik' 'eik' (delete)
            '{a'}ik' (<- 'a')
            '{e'}ik' (<- 'e')
            'ik' (delete)
        )
    )
)

define stem as (
    do mark_regions
    backwards (
      do instrum
        do case
        do case_special
        do case_other
        do factive
        do owned
        do sing_owner
        do plur_owner
        do plural
    )
)